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Scientists use paradigms rather than believing them.
The use of a paradigm in research typically addresses related problems by employing shared concepts, symbolic expressions, experimental and mathematical tools and procedures, and even some of the same theoretical statements.
Scientists need only understand how to use these various elements in ways that others would accept.
These elements of shared practice thus need not presuppose any comparable unity in scientists’ beliefs about what they are doing when they use them.
Indeed, one role of a paradigm is to enable scientists to work successfully without having to provide a detailed account of what they are doing or what they believe about it.
Thomas Kuhn noted that scientists “can agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it.
Lack of a standard interpretation or of an agreed reduction to rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research.”
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과학자들은 패러다임을 믿기보다는 그것을 ‘사용한다’.
S_________ u__ p________ r_____ t___ b________ t___.
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Scientists use paradigms rather than believing them.
연구에서 패러다임의 사용은 일반적으로 공유된 개념, 상징적 표현, 실험 및 수학적 도구와 절차, 그리고 심지어 동일한 이론적 진술의 일부를 사용함으로써 관련된 문제들을 다룬다.
T__ u__ o_ a p_______ i_ r_______ t________ a________ r______ p_______ b_ e________ s_____ c_______, s_______ e__________, e___________ a__ m___________ t____ a__ p_________, a__ e___ s___ o_ t__ s___ t__________ s_________.
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The use of a paradigm in research typically addresses related problems by employing shared concepts, symbolic expressions, experimental and mathematical tools and procedures, and even some of the same theoretical statements.
과학자들은 다른 사람들이 받아들일 방식으로 이러한 다양한 요소들을 사용하는 ‘방법’을 이해하기만 하면 된다.
S_________ n___ o___ u_________ h__ t_ u__ t____ v______ e_______ i_ w___ t___ o_____ w____ a_____.
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Scientists need only understand how to use these various elements in ways that others would accept.
따라서 이러한 공유된 실행의 요소들은 과학자들이 그것들을 사용할 때 그들이 하고 있는 것에 관한 그들의 믿음에서 그 어떤 비슷한 통일성을 전제로 할 필요는 없다.
T____ e_______ o_ s_____ p_______ t___ n___ n__ p_________ a__ c_________ u____ i_ s_________’ b______ a____ w___ t___ a__ d____ w___ t___ u__ t___.
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These elements of shared practice thus need not presuppose any comparable unity in scientists’ beliefs about what they are doing when they use them.
실제로, 패러다임의 한 가지 역할은 과학자들이 그들이 무엇을 하고 있는지 또는 그들이 그것에 관해 무엇을 믿고 있는지에 대한 상세한 설명을 제공할 필요 없이 성공적으로 일할 수 있게 하는 것이다.
I_____, o__ r___ o_ a p_______ i_ t_ e_____ s_________ t_ w___ s___________ w______ h_____ t_ p______ a d_______ a______ o_ w___ t___ a__ d____ o_ w___ t___ b______ a____ i_.
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Indeed, one role of a paradigm is to enable scientists to work successfully without having to provide a detailed account of what they are doing or what they believe about it.
Thomas Kuhn이 언급하기를, 과학자들은 “패러다임에 대한 완전한 ‘해석’이나 ‘이론적 설명’에 동의하거나, 심지어 그런 것을 만들어 내려고 시도조차 하지 않고도, 그것(패러다임)을 ‘식별’하는 데 있어서 일치를 보일 수 있다.
Thomas Kuhn n____ t___ s_________ “c__ a____ i_ t____ i_____________ o_ a p_______ w______ a_______ o_, o_ e___ a_________ t_ p______, a f___ i_____________ o_ r______________ o_ i_.
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Thomas Kuhn noted that scientists “can agree in their identification of a paradigm without agreeing on, or even attempting to produce, a full interpretation or rationalization of it.
표준적인 해석이나 규칙으로 축약되어 합의된 것이 없다 해도 패러다임이 연구를 안내하는 것을 막지는 못할 것이다.”
L___ o_ a s_______ i_____________ o_ o_ a_ a_____ r________ t_ r____ w___ n__ p______ a p_______ f___ g______ r_______.”
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Lack of a standard interpretation or of an agreed reduction to rules will not prevent a paradigm from guiding research.”