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A fascinating species of water flea exhibits a kind of flexibility that evolutionary biologists call adaptive plasticity.
If the baby water flea is developing into an adult in water that includes the chemical signatures of creatures that prey on water fleas, it develops a helmet and spines to defend itself against predators.
If the water around it doesn’t include the chemical signatures of predators, the water flea doesn’t develop these protective devices.
That’s a clever trick, because producing spines and a helmet is costly, in terms of energy, and conserving energy is essential for an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.
The water flea only expends the energy needed to produce spines and a helmet when it needs to.
So it may well be that this plasticity is an adaptation: a trait that came to exist in a species because it contributed to reproductive fitness.
There are many cases, across many species, of adaptive plasticity.
Plasticity is conducive to fitness if there is sufficient variation in the environment.
수능 기출 영어 지문 쓰기
물벼룩이라는 매혹적인 종은 진화생물학자들이 ‘적응적 가소성’이라고 부르는 일종의 유연성을 보여 준다.
A f__________ s______ o_ w____ f___ e_______ a k___ o_ f__________ t___ e___________ b_________ c___ a_______ p_________.
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A fascinating species of water flea exhibits a kind of flexibility that evolutionary biologists call adaptive plasticity.
만일 새끼 물벼룩이 물벼룩을 잡아먹고 사는 생물의 화학적인 (고유한) 특징을 포함하는 물에서 성체로 발달하고 있으면, 그것은 자신을 포식자로부터 지키기 위해 머리 투구와 가시 돌기를 발달시킨다.
I_ t__ b___ w____ f___ i_ d_________ i___ a_ a____ i_ w____ t___ i_______ t__ c_______ s_________ o_ c________ t___ p___ o_ w____ f____, i_ d_______ a h_____ a__ s_____ t_ d_____ i_____ a______ p________.
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If the baby water flea is developing into an adult in water that includes the chemical signatures of creatures that prey on water fleas, it develops a helmet and spines to defend itself against predators.
만일 자신을 둘러싼 물이 포식자의 화학적인 특징을 포함하지 않으면, 그 물벼룩은 이러한 보호 장치를 발달시키지 않는다.
I_ t__ w____ a_____ i_ d____’_ i______ t__ c_______ s_________ o_ p________, t__ w____ f___ d____’_ d______ t____ p_________ d______.
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If the water around it doesn’t include the chemical signatures of predators, the water flea doesn’t develop these protective devices.
그것은 영리한 묘책인데, 에너지 면에서 가시 돌기와 머리 투구를 만드는 것은 비용이 많이 들고 에너지를 보존하는 것은 살아남고 생식하는 유기체의 능력을 위해 핵심적이기 때문이다.
T___’_ a c_____ t____, b______ p________ s_____ a__ a h_____ i_ c_____, i_ t____ o_ e_____, a__ c_________ e_____ i_ e________ f__ a_ o_______’_ a______ t_ s______ a__ r________.
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That’s a clever trick, because producing spines and a helmet is costly, in terms of energy, and conserving energy is essential for an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.
물벼룩은 오직 필요할 때만 가시 돌기와 머리 투구를 만드는 데 필요한 에너지를 소모한다.
T__ w____ f___ o___ e______ t__ e_____ n_____ t_ p______ s_____ a__ a h_____ w___ i_ n____ t_.
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The water flea only expends the energy needed to produce spines and a helmet when it needs to.
그러므로 이러한 가소성은 아마 적응일 텐데, 즉 그것은 생식의 적합성에 이바지하기 때문에 생물 종에 존재하게 된 특징이다.
S_ i_ m__ w___ b_ t___ t___ p_________ i_ a_ a_________: a t____ t___ c___ t_ e____ i_ a s______ b______ i_ c__________ t_ r___________ f______.
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So it may well be that this plasticity is an adaptation: a trait that came to exist in a species because it contributed to reproductive fitness.
많은 종에 걸쳐 적응적 가소성의 많은 사례가 있다.
T____ a__ m___ c____, a_____ m___ s______, o_ a_______ p_________.
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There are many cases, across many species, of adaptive plasticity.
가소성은 환경에 충분한 차이가 있을 때 적합성에 도움이 된다.
P_________ i_ c________ t_ f______ i_ t____ i_ s_________ v________ i_ t__ e__________.
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Plasticity is conducive to fitness if there is sufficient variation in the environment.